Airlines decide who gets bumped based on a combination of factors, including ticket type, check-in time, and frequent flyer status. Understanding these criteria can help travelers mitigate the risk of being involuntarily denied boarding.
What Is Involuntary Denied Boarding?
Involuntary denied boarding, commonly known as "bumping," occurs when airlines have more passengers than available seats. This situation arises due to overbooking, a common practice airlines use to ensure full flights, anticipating some passengers will not show up.
How Do Airlines Decide Who Gets Bumped?
1. Ticket Type and Fare Class
Airlines often prioritize passengers based on the type of ticket purchased. Passengers with discounted or economy fares are more likely to be bumped than those with premium or business class tickets. This is because airlines aim to maintain satisfaction among higher-paying customers.
2. Check-In Time
The time you check in can significantly impact your likelihood of being bumped. Passengers who check in early are less likely to be bumped compared to those who check in closer to departure time. It’s advisable to check in as soon as possible, either online or at the airport.
3. Frequent Flyer Status
Loyalty programs play a crucial role in bumping decisions. Passengers with elite status in an airline’s frequent flyer program are typically given priority over those without status. This incentivizes frequent travelers to remain loyal to a specific airline.
4. Group Size and Special Needs
Airlines may also consider the size of a traveling party and any special needs. Larger groups or families are often less likely to be bumped, as it may be more challenging to accommodate them on later flights. Similarly, passengers with disabilities or special requirements are given priority.
What Are Your Rights If You Get Bumped?
If you’re involuntarily bumped, you are entitled to compensation. The amount varies based on the length of the delay caused by being bumped:
- Less than 1 hour delay: No compensation.
- 1-2 hours delay (domestic): Up to 200% of your one-way fare (maximum $775).
- 2+ hours delay (domestic) or 4+ hours (international): Up to 400% of your one-way fare (maximum $1,550).
These figures are based on U.S. Department of Transportation regulations and may differ in other countries.
How Can You Avoid Being Bumped?
1. Choose Your Flight Wisely
Flying at less busy times or choosing flights that are less likely to be overbooked can reduce your risk. Early morning or late-night flights usually have fewer passengers.
2. Check-In Early
As mentioned, checking in early increases your chances of securing a seat. Online check-in opens 24 hours before departure, so take advantage of this option.
3. Join Frequent Flyer Programs
Enrolling in an airline’s loyalty program and working towards elite status can significantly decrease your chances of being bumped.
4. Purchase Flexible Tickets
If possible, opt for tickets that offer flexibility or are part of a higher fare class. These tickets are often less susceptible to bumping.
People Also Ask
What Happens If You Volunteer to Be Bumped?
Volunteering to be bumped can be beneficial. Airlines often offer travel vouchers, upgrades, or even cash compensation to passengers who volunteer. This can be a good option if your travel plans are flexible.
Do Airlines Have to Inform You About Overbooking?
Yes, airlines are required to inform passengers about overbooking policies. During the check-in process or at the gate, they must notify passengers if a flight is overbooked and solicit volunteers before involuntarily bumping anyone.
Can You Refuse to Be Bumped?
If you’re selected for involuntary bumping, refusal is generally not an option unless you negotiate with the airline staff. However, you are entitled to compensation as per the regulations.
Is Overbooking Legal?
Yes, overbooking is legal and a common practice in the airline industry. It helps airlines manage no-shows and maximize revenue. However, regulations are in place to protect passengers’ rights in such situations.
How Can You File a Complaint If Bumped?
If you feel your rights were violated, you can file a complaint with the airline’s customer service or escalate it to the U.S. Department of Transportation. Keep all documentation and evidence of your travel experience for reference.
Summary
Understanding how airlines choose who gets bumped can help you make informed travel decisions and reduce the risk of being inconvenienced. By checking in early, joining frequent flyer programs, and choosing flights strategically, you can improve your chances of avoiding involuntary denied boarding. If you do get bumped, remember your rights and the compensation you’re entitled to, ensuring a smoother travel experience. For more tips on air travel, consider reading our guide on how to maximize frequent flyer miles or how to find the best flight deals.
